Material-as-a-service company (MASCO)

Circular building products often cost the same or slightly more upfront, but save money over time. So why aren't they everywhere? Buyers see no upfront advantage, financiers see risk, and no one gets paid to bring materials back. Good design alone won't shift the market.

This paper introduces the material-as-a-service company (MASCO), a financing model that turns reuse into a return. It funds a circular discount upfront, buys materials back after use, and uses the Circular Value Index to select products where the numbers work.